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Health and Safety

Preventing and responding to injuries, illness, fatigue, exposure, emergencies, and other risks in remote environments.

When Smoke, Heat, and Dehydration Make a Normal Day Unsafe

A practical decision framework for recognizing when smoke, heat, and dehydration are combining to make a backcountry day unsafe—and how to reduce exertion, find cleaner air and water, and finish early when necessary.

What to Pack for a Backpacking Trip With a New Pair of Prescription Glasses

A practical system for protecting glasses, managing fog, carrying spares, and handling vision problems far from the trailhead.

What to Do When Someone in Your Group Wants to Keep Hiking After an Injury

A practical guide for group leaders and experienced backpackers facing an injured companion who wants to continue, including immediate assessment, communication, evacuation choices, and when to seek outside help.

What to Do When a Group Member Shows Signs of Severe Fatigue

A practical guide to recognizing severe fatigue in the backcountry, checking for more serious problems, reducing demands, and making a safe group decision about stopping, sheltering, or evacuating.

What to Do When a Backpacking Headache Won't Go Away

A practical decision guide for assessing a persistent headache in the backcountry, including hydration, heat, exertion, altitude, medication, carbon monoxide, and when to seek evacuation.

What to Do for a Sprained Ankle When the Trailhead Is Still a Day Away

A conservative decision guide covering assessment, support, pain management, evacuation options, and when walking out is no longer sensible.

Preventing Chafing During Long Backpacking Days

A practical guide to preventing and managing chafing on long backpacking days, from pack fit and clothing to moisture control, lubrication, hygiene, and early treatment.

How to Use a Satellite Messenger Without Creating a False Sense of Security

A practical guide to using a satellite messenger responsibly: set realistic check-ins, conserve battery, write useful emergency messages, and keep a backup communication plan in remote backcountry.

How to Set a Turnaround Time for a Route With an Uncertain River Crossing

A practical framework for choosing a turnaround time when a river crossing may be unsafe, with guidance on water conditions, daylight, group ability, and alternate routes.

How to Recognize When Cold Hands Are Becoming a Dexterity Problem

Practical guidance for winter and shoulder-season backpackers on spotting declining hand dexterity, warming safely, and deciding when cold hands need urgent medical attention.

How to Recognize Hypothermia Before the Person Stops Making Sense

Early warning signs, immediate warming steps, group responsibilities, and escalation decisions for cold and wet backcountry situations.

How to Recognize Heat Exhaustion When It Is Also Windy

Why wind can disguise overheating and how to respond when symptoms appear in exposed terrain

How to Recognize Dehydration When You Are Still Drinking Water

A practical guide for backpackers on recognizing dehydration despite drinking water, understanding the effects of heat, exertion and sodium loss, and knowing when to stop or seek medical help.

How to Recognize and Respond to Early Heat Illness on the Trail

A practical guide to spotting early heat illness on desert trails, taking immediate action, and planning hikes to reduce dangerous heat exposure.

How to Manage Menstrual Care on a Multi-Day Backpacking Trip

Practical planning for products, hygiene, disposal, pain management, clothing, and privacy when facilities are limited.

How to Manage a Minor Cut When You Can't Wash Your Hands Properly

A practical field approach to protecting a small cut when proper handwashing and clean water aren't readily available, including cleaning, covering, monitoring, and knowing when to seek medical care.

How to Manage a Minor Burn From a Backpacking Stove

Practical first-aid guidance for cooling and covering a minor backpacking-stove burn, avoiding common mistakes, and recognizing when a burn needs urgent evacuation or medical care.

How to Make a Safe Night Hike Decision When the Group Is Behind Schedule

A practical framework for deciding whether to continue hiking after dark, with guidance on navigation, terrain, headlamps, fatigue, weather, group management, and safer campsite alternatives.

How to Make a Remote Trip Safer for Someone With Asthma

A practical guide to planning safer remote trips for people with asthma, covering medical preparation, medication redundancy, exertion, triggers, communication, and emergency decisions.

How to Decide Whether You Can Safely Hike with a Mild Illness

A practical framework for deciding whether a mild illness belongs on the trail, including departure questions, trip-planning considerations, and warning signs that should end an outing before it becomes a remote medical problem.

How to Decide Whether an Injury Requires an Emergency Evacuation

A practical, cautious framework for deciding when an injury in the backcountry calls for emergency evacuation, based on immediate danger, function, symptoms, environment, distance, and communication options.

How to Build a Safer Solo Backpacking Check-In Plan

A practical guide to creating a solo backpacking check-in plan, including what to share, when a response is overdue, and how to avoid false reassurance.

How to Build a Backpacking First-Aid Kit Around Likely Problems

A practical guide to assembling a backpacking first-aid kit for the injuries, illnesses, and environmental problems a small group is most likely to face in the Canadian backcountry.

Blisters: What to Do at the First Hot Spot Instead of the First Open Wound

A practical foot-care routine covering prevention, early treatment, dressing choices, and when continuing is no longer sensible.

Altitude, Fatigue, and Poor Decisions: When to Stop for the Day

A practical guide for intermediate backpackers in the Canadian Rockies on recognizing when altitude and fatigue are affecting judgement, and deciding whether to rest, descend, or end the route.

A Practical Plan for Managing Anxiety During a Solo Overnight

A practical, calm approach to handling nerves on your first solo overnight, from preparing a simple check-in plan to recognizing when anxiety signals a genuine safety problem.

© 2026 James McAffery

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